Архив метки CAREERS

Автор:Георгий Николаенко

Adolescents and Scientific Careers. Interests; Scholastic Experiences and the Opinions of Italian Student

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Adolescents and Scientific Careers. Interests, Scholastic Experiences and the Opinions of Italian Student

Pellegrini Giuseppe

University of Padova, Italy

Saracino Barbara

University Federico Secondo in Naples, Italy

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА:

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, STEM, EDUCATION, MOTIVATION, SCIENTISTS, CAREERS

АННОТАЦИЯ:

This study investigates students’ views of science and technology, taking into consideration both internal and external factors. The article reports on the perceptions of 3,503 Italian students, focussing mainly on individual interests, scholastic experiences and their opinions concerning science and technology. A further analysis deals with the degree to which young people may consider following a career in scientific sectors. Findings show that although wider interests would tend to support future decisions, students appear to nurture ambivalent attitudes towards scientific careers. It is suggested that with respect to different levels of personal achievement in scientific careers various factors may have influenced the initial orientation. Such factors include the academic qualifications held by the students’ parents and the presence of science laboratories at the schools they have attended. These variables moreover only appear to affect a student’s intention to seek admission to a science faculty. In the presence of an intention to embark on a scientific career following graduation certain significant elements come into play, such as their participation in scientific events, the chance to come into direct contact with researchers and their confidence in scientific studies. If a student presents a desire to become a scientist, the degree of confidence that is felt with respect to this particular sphere also becomes significant. The pleasure in studying science subjects is the most influential variable, but its effect is reduced over the three stages of the envisaged or planned path.

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Автор:Центр социолого-науковедческих исследований

Peak Performance In Academic Science

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Peak Performance In Academic Science

HERMANOWICZ JOSEPH C.

The University of Georgia

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: CAREERS, STRATIFICATION, PRODUCTIVITY, STATUS

АННОТАЦИЯ:
Do careers in science have peaks? It is often thought that they do, and that they are especially likely among the young. Using a sample of academic physicists, this study examines performance in science by determining whether peaks mark scientific careers, how common they may be, and how they might vary organizationally. Two different types of career peaks are examined and compared with each other: those established subjectively by scientists’ perceptions and those established objectively by scientists’ performance. The article uses career peaks as a means to examine the construction and maintenance of status orders. Subjective and objective status orders operate as differing means by which legitimation is established in stratified fields of activity, as emblematic in science and scholarship.

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