Гвоздецкий Владимир Леонидович
Институт истории естествознания и техники им. С.И. Вавилова РАН, Москва, Россия
Будрейко Екатерина Николаевна
Институт истории естествознания и техники им. С.И. Вавилова РАН, Москва, Россия
Ключевые слова:
ИНДУСТРИАЛИЗАЦИЯ, Л.К. РАМЗИН, Г.М. КРЖИЖАНОВСКИЙ, ПРОМЫШЛЕННАЯ ПАРТИЯ, “ВРЕДИТЕЛЬСТВО”, СУДЕБНЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС, ЭНЕРГЕТИКА, ПРЯМОТОЧНЫЙ КОТEЛ, INDUSTRIALIZATION, L.K. RAMZIN, G.M. KRZHIZHANOVSKY, INDUSTRIAL PARTY, THE “SABOTAGE” IN POWER ENGINEERING, STRAIGHT-THROUGH BOILER
Аннотация:
Рассматривается влияние социально-политических реалий советской действительности на судьбы научно-технической интеллигенции в период индустриализации страны. В основу исследования положены материалы суда над Промышленной партией (1930). Основное внимание уделено материалам процесса, касающимся обоснования властью причин замедленного развития промышленности через «вредительство» в базовой отрасли народного хозяйства – энергетике. Исследуется сформировавшийся в этот период и широко применявшийся для выявления «врагов народа» метод синтеза правды фактов и их трактовки, обусловленной задачами, решаемыми властью. Анализируется проблема совместимости нравственного начала и политической обусловленности во взглядах и действиях человека. Главными героями статьи являются крупнейший специалист в области теплотехники Л.К. Рамзин и лидер советской энергетики Г.М. Кржижановский. Источниковую базу составляют труды и воспоминания энергетиков, материалы процесса, публикации периодической печати и малотиражных ведомственных изданий.
Not Consign to Oblivion (To the Centenary of the GOELRO Plan and the 90th Anniversary of the Industrial Party Trial)
Gvozdetsky Vladimir L.
Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
Budreyko Ekaterina N.
Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
The article considers the influence of socio-political circimstances of the Soviet reality on the fate of scientific and technical intelligentsia in the period of the industrialization of the country. The research is based on the materials of the trial of the Industrial party (1930). The main attention is paid to the materials of the trial concerning the way the state authorities explanaed the main reasons of the slow development of industry through “sabotage” in the basic branch of the national economy – power engineering. Authors investigate the method of synthesis of the truth of facts and their interpretation, formed in this period and widely used to identify the “enemies of the people”, due to the tasks solved by the authorities. The article analyzes the problem of compatibility of the moral principle and political determination in views and actions of a person. The main characters of the article are the largest specialists in the field of heating engineering L.K. Ramzin and the leader of Soviet power engineering G.M. Krzhizhanovsky. The source base includes works and memoirs of power engineers, as well as materials of the trial, publications in the periodicals and small-circulation departmental publications.The article is devoted to T.N. Klado’s legacy. During 80 years of her life she hugely contributed to the development of science in the Imperial Russia and then in the Soviet Union. She studied at the Physics and Mathematics Department of Bestuzhev courses in 1905-1911. Passed the exams at the Imperial University of St. Petersburg in 1913 and was awarded a diploma of the 1st degree. Since 1910, worked at the Konstantinovsky Aerological Observatory in Pavlovsk which was a part of the Main Physical (Geophysical) Observatory. In 1935, was first exiled to Ufa and then transferred to the Institute of Grain Management of the Southeast in Saratov Region. Being arrested in 1937, spent 10 years in the Balashov labor colony No. 1, first in agricultural work, then as an accountant in a pig farm. In 1947, was released from prison and moved to Luga. There translated the works of prominent foreign scientists for the series “Classics of Science”, including works and letters by R. Descartes, A.-M. Ampère, E.H. Lenz, M. Faraday, G.-W. Richmann. In 1954, her criminal record was dropped. In 1955-1971, worked as a laboratory assistant and junior researcher at the Leningrad Division of the Institute for the History of Natural Science and Technology of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Her research interests included: climatology, aerology, L. Euler, A. von Humboldt’s scientific heritage.
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